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Objective:To evaluate nutritional status and to analyse risk factors of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the elderly.Methods:Data of elderly hospitalized patients with COPD mainly from 5 grade A, class 3 hospitals (Beijing Hospital, Shanghai Huadong Hospital, Tianjin Nankai hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University, Guangzhou First People′s Hospital) from January 2012 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease criteria (GOLD), elderly COPD patients were divided into acute exacerbation group and stable group. The differences in age, gender, medical history, anthropometry, laboratory examination, nutritional support, results of nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS2002) and global leadership initiative on malnutrition (GLIM) were compared between the two groups after admission, and the risk factors of acute exacerbation of COPD in the elderly were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.Results:A total of 339 elderly patients with COPD aged 65-100 years were included in this study, including 177 cases (52.21%) in acute exacerbation stage. The detection rate of malnutrition in acute exacerbation stage was higher than that in stable stage (51.98% vs 41.98%, P<0.05). The weight, body mass index and grip strength of patients in the acute exacerbation stage were significantly lower than those in the stable period [(55.47±8.42) vs (60.63±9.30) kg, (20.52±4.25) vs (22.39±4.57) kg/m 2, (12.32±4.21) vs (16.59±2.97) kg] (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the acute exacerbation of elderly patients with COPD was positively correlated with malnutrition ( r=0.443, P<0.001), and negatively correlated with body weight, body mass index and calf circumference ( r=-0.200, -0.214, -0.135, all P<0.05). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that acute exacerbation in elderly patients with COPD was only related to malnutrition ( OR=7.799, 95% CI: 4.466-13.622, P<0.001). Conclusions:The incidence of malnutrition in acute exacerbation stage of elderly COPD patients is high. Malnutrition is independently related to acute exacerbation of COPD.
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Objective:To investigate the relationship between calf circumference and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) index, handgrip strength and gait speed in the elderly in Shanghai, and to explore the optimal cut-off point of calf circumference as a simple proxy marker of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function.Methods:A total of 2 294 participants were recruited from physical examination centers in Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University and 4 communities (954 males and 1 340 females) with an average age of (71.6±8.7) years. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), Upper (UMM) and lower (LMM) limbs skeletal muscle mass were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The ASM index (ASM/height 2) were calculated.Gait speed was measured.Muscle strength was measured by handgrip strength using an electronic hand dynamometer.Height, weight, right calf circumference and waist circumference were measured. Results:The age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and gait speed were not statistically different (all P>0.05) between both genders. Height, weight, ASM, ASM/height 2, UMM, LMM, handgrip strength, calf circumference were significantly higher in men than in women (all P<0.05). The calf circumference of the elderly with age ≥ 80 was significantly lower than that of the 70-79 age group and 60-69 age group ( P<0.05). The calf circumference of older women (age≥80) was significantly lower than that of the elderly women in the 70-79 age group and 60-69 age group ( P<0.05). Calf circumference was correlated negatively with age( P<0.01) and positively with ASM/height 2, height, weight, BMI, handgrip strength, UMM and LMM( P<0.01). There was no correlation between calf circumference and gait speed ( P>0.05). In the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the cut-off value of calf circumference for low muscle mass was 35.1 cm for male(specificity, 0.721; sensitivity, 0.803, ROC, 0.809) and 33.6 cm for female(specificity, 0.774; sensitivity, 0.778; ROC, 0.827). Conclusions:Calf circumference decreases with ageing in the elderly. The optimal cut-off value of calf circumference for low muscle mass is 35.1 cm for males and 33.6 cm for females. We should pay attention to the importance of calf circumference in evaluation and diagnosis of sarcopenia.
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Objective:To explore the main influencing factors for physical performance assessed by the short physical performance battery(SPPB)in the elderly in communities in Shanghai.Methods:A total of 500 elderly subjects from four communities in Shanghai who met the inclusion criteria with 165 males and 335 females aged 60-95 years(70.5±7.8)years were enrolled.A questionnaire was used to assess the general situation.International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form(IPAQ-SF)was used to assess physical activity(PA). The appendicular skeletal muscle mass(ASM)was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and the relative skeletal muscle mass index(RSMI). The lower extremity muscle strength(quadriceps strength, QS)was measured by a hand-held dynamometer.Lower body muscle quality(LB-MQ) was ascertained by taking the ratio of strength to muscle mass for lower extremity.SPPB score was used to assess physical activity, including full tandem test, 4-meter walking speed test and five timed chair stands test.Results:The age, RSMI, ASM and quadriceps strength were higher, and the body fat content was lower in males than in females(all P<0.001). There were no significant differences in BMI, SPPB scores, LBMQ, and PA between males and females( P>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that SPPB score was negatively correlated with age( r=-0.615, P<0.001)and body fat content( r=-0.103, P=0.022), but SPPB score was positively correlated with quadriceps strength( r=0.351, P<0.001), RSMI( r=0.134, P=0.003), LBMQ( r=0.268, P<0.001)and amount of PA( r=0.204, P<0.001), however, SPPB score had no relationship with gender( r=0.068, P=0.132). Conclusions:Aging and frailty are the main factors for the decline of physical performance in the elderly.Participating physical activity, reducing body fat, maintaining muscle mass, and especially increasing muscle quality, may be the main interventions to prevent the further deterioration of physical performance in the elderly.
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Objective@#To investigate the effects of micronutrient supplementation for the elderly on plasma homocysteine level and cognitive function in institutional older adults.@*Methods@#A total of 98 older adults with the score≤11 by mini nutritional assessment short-form aged 65-100 years were enrolled and assigned to either intervention group or control group (n=49 each), with either a package of micronutrient pack or placebo daily, for three months. Fasting blood samples were collected both at baseline and the end of study to detect serum vitamin B12, folate and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations. Global cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). The paired t test was used to compare the continuous variables between the two groups after intervention. The relationship between changes in MMSE score and changes in plasma Hcy concentrations was examined by least-squares linear regression.@*Results@#Eighty-two patients completed the study, and 17 patients withdrew from the study due to diarrhea and hospital discharge with the drop rate of 17.3%. Compared to the control group, concentrations of serum vitamin B12 (128.8±34.8 vs 13.3±16.0 pmol/L, P=0.003) and folate (21.1±1.6 vs 0.6±0.5 nmol/L, P<0.01) significantly increased in the intervention group over 3-month supplementation, while plasma Hcy levels were remarkably reduced (-5.3±0.7 vs 1.7±0.3 μmol/L, P<0.01). The incidences of deficiency of folate, deficiency of serum vitamin B12and high Hcy all decreased in intervention group. Although individual item scores in MMSE were not changed markedly, change of total MMSE score in intervention group were higher than that in the control group (1.2±3.0 vs -0.2±2.5, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The supplementation of the micronutrient pack in long-term care facilities can reduce the incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia, and improve the total MMSE score.
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Geriatric ability to live independently will be severely impaired when mild cognitive impairments(MCI)eventually develop into dementia.Patients with dementia usually suffer from micronutrients deficiencies(MNDs). In turn, MNDs may accelerate cognitive decline based on disruption of one carbon metabolism, DNA damage repair, mitochondrial function and glucose, lipid and phospholipids metabolism which lead to the damage of neurotransmitter synthesis, myelination and synaptogenesis.Clinical evidences show that the oral supplementation of B-group vitamins(vitamin B6 10-25 mg/d, vitamin B120.025-0.500 mg/d and folate 0.4-2.0 mg/d)and specific micronutrients compounds for at least 3 months may improve overall cognitive function and short-term memory ability of the elderly.More double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized human intervention studies are still needed to evaluate effects of micronutrients supplementation on geriatric cognitive function and to determine the requirements, dosage and time of intervention.
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The burden of cardiovascular disease in China is severe and keep increasing nowadays, while effective dietary management strategies play an important role in its primary prevention and treatment. Flaxseed is rich in lots of bioactive components like α-linolenic acid, lignan, linseed bioactive protein fragments and fi-ber, which can effectively improve a variety of heart risk factors like atherosclerosis, obesity and abnormal blood glucose, and thus has become a hot spot in researches of dietary strategies for cardiovascular diseases. As a po-tential heart-friendly food, cardiovascular-protective effects of flaxseed are particularly prominent in blood pres-sure control and lipid regulation. This article reviewed recent clinical controlled trials studying effects of flaxseed on both blood pressure and lipid profiles in different populations, and its potential hypotensive as well as lipid-lowering mechanisms, in order to lay a solid foundation for further studies.
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Geriatric ability to live independently will be severely impaired when mild cognitive impairments(MCI) eventually develop into dementia.Patients with dementia usually suffer from micronutrients deficiencies (MNDs).In turn,MNDs may accelerate cognitive decline based on disruption of one carbon metabolism,DNA damage repair,mitochondrial function and glucose,lipid and phospholipids metabolism which lead to the damage of neurotransmitter synthesis,myelination and synaptogenesis.Clinical evidences show that the oral supplementation of B-group vitamins(vitamin B6 10-25 mg/d,vitamin B12 0.025-0.500 mg/d and folate 0.4-2.0 mg/d) and specific micronutrients compounds for at least 3 months may improve overall cognitive function and short-term memory ability of the elderly.More double-blind,placebo-controlled,randomized human intervention studies are still needed to evaluate effects of micronutrients supplementation on geriatric cognitive function and to determine the requirements,dosage and time of intervention.
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Objective To investigate the effects of micronutrient supplementation for the elderly on plasma homocysteine level and cognitive function in institutional older adults. Methods A total of 98 older adults with the score≤11 by mini nutritional assessment short-form aged 65-100 years were enrolled and assigned to either intervention group or control group (n =49 each), with either a package of micronutrient pack or placebo daily, for three months. Fasting blood samples were collected both at baseline and the end of study to detect serum vitamin B12, folate and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations. Global cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). The paired t test was used to compare the continuous variables between the two groups after intervention. The relationship between changes in MMSE score and changes in plasma Hcy concentrations was examined by least-squares linear regression. Results Eighty-two patients completed the study, and 17 patients withdrew from the study due to diarrhea and hospital discharge with the drop rate of 17. 3％. Compared to the control group, concentrations of serum vitamin B12 (128. 8±34. 8 vs 13. 3±16. 0 pmol/ L, P =0. 003) and folate (21. 1±1. 6 vs 0. 6±0. 5 nmol/ L, P<0. 01) significantly increased (-5. 3±0. 7 vs 1. 7±0. 3 μmol/ L, P<0. 01). The incidences of deficiency of folate, deficiency of serum vitamin B12and high Hcy all decreased in intervention group. Although individual item scores in MMSE were not changed markedly, change of total MMSE score in intervention group were higher than that in the control group (1. 2±3. 0 vs -0. 2±2. 5, P<0. 05). Conclusions The supplementation of the micronutrient pack in longterm care facilities can reduce the incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia, and improve the total MMSE score.
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Objective To investigate the change of the nutritional status of elderly patients in Chinese major hospitals dynamically with nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and subjective global assessment (SGA) during hospitalization.Methods A prospective,multi-center survey was conducted on over 65 years old patients who were admitted in departments of gastroenterology,respiratory medicine,general surgery,geriatrics,thoracic surgery,neurology,orthopedics and medical oncology of 9 large hospitals in China for 7-30 days between June 2014 and September 2014.On admission and within 24 hours after discharge,the clinical data were recorded,physical indices were measured,and laboratory examination were conducted.NRS 2002 and SGA were used to make an evaluation.The nutritional supports and clinical outcomes were also recorded and then the correlation between nutritional status and clinical outcomes were analyzed.Results A total of 2558 patients above 65 years old were included into the study.Compared with their status on admission,their grip strength,upper arm circumference and crural circumference were reduced significantly at discharge (P＜0.05).The total protein,albumin and hemoglobin levels were significantly lower than those on admission (P＜0.05).The incidence of nutritional risk (NRS 2002 score ≥ 3) and malnutrition (SGA B + C) on admission were lower than those at discharge (51.1％ vs 53.0％,32.6％ vs 35.6％).The hospitalization time and medical expenses were higher in patients with malnutrition on admission than in those with normal nutrition intakes.The nutritional status at discharge was negatively correlated with hospitalization time and medical expenses.61.3％ patients having nutritional risk did not take nutritional support during the hospital stay,while utilization rate of parenteral nutrition was higher than that of enteral nutrition in patients receiving nutritional support (19.6％ vs 11.9％).Conclusion Elderly patients have higher possibilities of facing nutritional risk or malnutrition on admission,these are associated with poor clinical outcomes and their nutritional status will not improve significantly at discharge.Therefore,the screening and evaluation of nutritional status in elderly patients during hospitalization should be conducted and their nutritional intervention should be standardized so as to improve the clinical outcomes.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of nutritional risk,undernutrition and nutritional support among elderly inpatients with coronary heart disease in 11 tertiary A hospitals in China.Methods Records of elderly patients under the age of 90 with coronary heart disease were collected between March 2012 and May 2012 from 11 tertiary A hospitals in China following the direction of diagnosis related group of Beijing government.Results A total of 1 279 consecutive cases were recruited with the average age 74 years old (65-89).The total nutritional risk prevalence was 28.14％ (360/1 279).The prevalence of nutritional risk and nutritional risk score ≥ 5 increased with age.The prevalence of nutritional risk (12.88％ vs.30.08％ vs.42.28％) and nutritional risk scored ≥5 (10.86％ vs.18.61％ vs.27.78％)increased with age.Judging from BMI,most patients were overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2),accounting for 53.0％ of the total,and prevalence of nutritional risk in this subgroup was 15.12％ (96/635).The prevalence of nutritional risk in patients with normal BMI was 34.24％.The prevalence of undernutrition defined as BMI＜ 18.5 kg/m2 was 4.25％ (51/1 279),among which patients with score ≥ 5 account for 64.7％ (33/51).The prevalence of undernutrition defined as nutritional impairment score =3 was 7.58％ (97/1 279).In patients with nutritional risk,57 were administrated nutrition support (16.6％);in patients without nutritional risk,21 received nutrition support,mostly parenteral nutrition (16 cases,76.2％).In patients with nutritional risk [(79.46± 7.19) years vs.(76.40± 6.16) years],there were statistically significant difference between those who received nutrition support and those who did not in terms of age and the ratio of patients with nutritional risk scored≥5 (35.1％ vs.17.1％) (P =0.001,P=0.002).Conclusions The prevalence of nutritional risk in patients with coronary heart disease was high.The prevalence of undernutrition was low.Prevalence of overweight and obese was high,but there was still nutritional risk in this group of patients.The patients who received nutrition support were older and had high nutritional impairment score,but the indication is not rationale.
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Due to pathophysiological changes, the risk of micronutrient deficiency in geriatric increased. Currently, dietary intake of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, calcium, magnesium, zinc and selenium was still lower than the recommended dietary reference intake in the elderly. Geriatric micronutrient deficiencies may contribute to the decrease of physiological function, immune function and cognitive function. It may also result in frailty and increase the risk of adverse clinical outcomes. The appropriate supplementation of single or multiple micronutrients can improve physiological function, cogni-tive function, immune function and frailty, meantime, reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and infection. Given there are still no generally accepted standards on the time and method of intervention, population-based randomized controlled studies are needed to provide the basis for promoting healthy ageing.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between calf circumference and skeletal muscle mass, strength and function in the elderly in Shanghai. Methods A total of 401 old people were recruited from physical examination centers in our hospital with the mean age of (71. 8±7. 4) years, including 202 males and 199 females. Adipose tissue, skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The ASM index ( ASM/height2) and SMM index ( SMM/height2) were calculated. Muscle function was measured by testing gait speed (m/s). Muscle strength was measured by handgrip strength (HGS) using an electronic hand dynamometer, with the dominant hand gripping for three times and taking the maximum value. Height, weight, right calf circumference and waist circumference were measured. Results Height, weight, ASM, ASM/height2, SMM, SMM/height2and HGS were significantly higher in men than in women ( P<0. 01); adipose tissue was significantly higher in women than in men (P<0. 05). The age, body mass index, calf circumference, waist circumference and gait speed were not statistically different (P=0. 426, P=0. 143, P=0. 425, P=0. 093, P=0. 143). There were linear correlations between calf circumference and height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, ASM, ASM/height2, adipose tissue, grip strength, SMM and SMM/height2( P=0. 001, P<0. 001, P<0. 001, P<0. 001, P<0. 001, P<0. 001, P<0. 001, P=0. 003, P<0. 001, P<0. 001). There was no linear correlation between calf circumference and pace and age (P=0. 818, P=0. 078). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that height, BMI, ASM/height2and SMM were correlated with the calf circumference. Conclusions Skeletal muscle mass and strength are higher in men than in women, while adipose tissue is higher in women than in men. Skeletal musle mass is an important factor affecting the calf circumference. There is a linear correlation be-tween skeletal muscle strength and calf circumference.
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Objective To investigate the status of appendicular skeletal muscle mass,muscular strength and changes of muscle function in the elderly in Shanghai.Methods A total of 402 participants were recruited from physical examination centers in our hospital.Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BtA).The ASM index (ASM/height2) was calculated.Muscle function was measured by testing gait speed (m/s).Muscle strength was measured by handgrip strength (HGS) using an electronic hand dynamometer.Results The ASM index significantly declined with age in both men and women (F＝2.133 and 3.124,both P＝0.000).For women,there was a significant difference in HGS only between the youngest age group (aged 60～69 years) and the oldest age group (aged≥80 years)(P＝0.005).For men,HGS was significantly different among all age groups (all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in gait speed between 60-69 years group and 70-79 years group in both genders (both P＞0.05),while the significant differences in gait speed were observed between the 70-79 years old groups and ≥80year old group in both genders (both P＜0.05).Conclusions Appendicular skeletal muscle mass,strength and function are decreased with ageing in the elderly.The muscle strength decreases faster in the elderly man than in the elderly woman,and muscle function decreases significantly in both genders after 80 years old.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the impact of plant sterol esters (PSE) mixed in low fat milk powder (2.5 g of PSE/day) on plasma cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects during a 6-week intervention period.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 59 subjects (19 males, mean age (60.28 ± 6.98) years) with primary hypercholesterolemia (fasting LDL cholesterol between 3.4-6.0 mmol/L) were randomly divided into two groups (treatment group, 2.5 g of plant sterol esters a day, n = 30) and placebo group (n = 29). Blood samples were collected at week 0, 3 and 6. The primary outcome was change in plasma LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). Secondary outcomes were changes in total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), anthropometry and blood biochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LDL-C significantly reduction from baseline (4.18 ± 0.54) mmol/L to (3.44 ± 0.61) mmol/L (-17.7%, P < 0.05) at week 3 and (3.35 ± 0.39) mmol/L (-19.9%, P < 0.05) at week 6 in the treatment group, whereas in placebo group from (4.11 ± 0.54) mmol/L at baseline to (3.47 ± 0.60) mmol/L (-15.57%, P < 0.05) and (3.61 ± 0.39) mmol/L (-12.17%, P < 0.05) at week 3 and week 6, respectively. TC was reduced from (6.30 ± 0.86) mmol/L at baseline to (5.92 ± 0.75) mmol/L (-6.03%, P > 0.05) at week 3 and (5.43 ± 0.77) mmol/L (-13.8%, P < 0.05) at week 6 in treatment group, from (6.20 ± 0.76) mmol/L at week 0 to (5.70 ± 0.76) mmol/L (-8.06%, P < 0.05) at week 3 and (5.84 ± 0.75) mmol/L (-5.81%, P < 0.05) at week 6 in placebo group. PSE-enriched milk did not affect plasma HDL-C level and TG level at both week 3 and week 6. After normalization to the placebo group, the treatment group showed significant reduction in LDL-C and total cholesteron after 6 weeks. The observed difference of reduction was 7.69% (-0.33 mmol/L, P < 0.05) for LDL-C and 8.00% (-0.51 mmol/L, P < 0.05) for TC between the two groups. There were no significant changes in safety parameters, including blood biochemistry tests during the study period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Plant sterol ester enriched milk powder is effective in reducing LDL-C among Chinese hypercholesterolemic subjects at a dosage recommended by EFSA.</p>
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Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cholesterol , Cholesterol, HDL , Cholesterol, LDL , Double-Blind Method , History, 18th Century , Hypercholesterolemia , Diet Therapy , Lipids , Milk , Phytosterols , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of enteral nutrition support with different doses of glutamine on nutritional status and gastrointestinal function in elderly critically ill patients.Methods Totally 90 critically ill patients were randomly divided into three group:the control group without glutamine (group A),enteral nutrition with low glutamine [0.3 g/(kg· d)] (group B),and high glutamine [0.6 g/(kg· d)] groups (group C).Fasting blood samples were collected on days 1,7,and 14 after the initiation of study,and then the indicators including serum diamine oxidase,glutamine,transferin (TF),prealbumin (PA),hemoglobin (HGB),albunin,and nitrogen balance were determined.In addition,the gastrointestinal complications including bloating,diarrhea,and gastric retention were recorded.Results On the 7th and 14th days,the serum glutamine levels in groups B and C were (1 886.8 ±420.5),(2 228.6 ±440.2) μg/L;(1 889.6 ± 436.1),(2 174.3 ± 440.8) μg/L,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in group A [(1 612.0 ±493.5),(1 869.7 ±559.8) μg/L] (P =0.027,P =0.008).The serum diamine oxidase levels were also significantly lower in group B [(2 310 ± 1 271),(1 602.5 ± 1 137.9) U/L] and group C [(2 076.3 ±567),(1 586.3 ±530.9) U/L] than in group A [(3 250 ±923),(2 476 ±862) U/L] (P =0.000,P =0.000).The serum TF and PA levels were significantly increased on the 7th day (P =0.023,P =0.047),and the HGB was significantly higher on 14th day (P =0.003),The number of patients who had undergone successful implementation of enteral nutrition were 4 and 3 in groups B and C,and the number of patients who had achieved the target volume of enterral nutrition was 25 and 27 in groups B and C,which were significantly larger than those in group A (12 and 13,respectively) (P =0.008,P =0.000).The gastrointestinal complication was also significantly decreased after the administration of enterral nutrition with glutamine.Conclusions Enteral nutrition with glutamine can improve intestinal mueosa barrier and nutritional status in elderly critically ill patients.Thus,it helps to reduce gastrointestinal complications and transition time of total enteral nutrition.
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To study the effects of conjee and cooked rice on postprandial glucose and plasma insulin levels in type 2 diatetes,and to help diabetic patients select reasonably food.41 diabetes were divided into cooked rice group ( group A),conjee with steamed bread group ( group B),and oatmeal group ( group C ).At 1 h after meal,the values of postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) was significantly lower in group C than those in group A and group B [ ( 11.17± 2.30 vs 12.88 ± 1.29,13.29 ± 1.97 ) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].At 2 h after meal,the value of PPG was significantly lower in group C than in group A [ ( 8.88 ± 2.66 vs 10.87 ± 1.63 ) mmol/L,P ＜0.05 ].At 1 h and 2 h after meal,there was no significant difference between the value of PPG in goup A and group B ( P＞0.05 ).At 1 h after meal,the value of plasma insulin was significantly lower in group C than those in group B [ (46.02 ± 26.32 vs 88.56 ± 68.75 )μU/ml,P ＜0.05 ],and there was a littler higher in group B than group A ( P＞0.05 ).At 2 h after meal,there was no statistical difference of plasma insulin among group A,B,C [ ( 57.10 ± 33.56,62.26 ± 24.42,54.16 ± 41.35 )μU/ml,P＞0.05 ) ].Isocaloric oat food is potentially beneficial in sustaining blood glucose status and decreasing insulin secretion.It is the ideal choice for type 2 diabetes.Meanwhile,there were no statistical differences in PPG and insulin levels between the individuals taking conjee with steam bread and cooked rice.
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A total of 127 type 2 diabetic patients were divided into low glycemic index meal replacements (intervention) group and standard food-based diet (reference) group in an experiment for 12 weeks.The results showed that fasting plasma glucose,postprandial 2 h plasma glucose,fasting insulin,and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) in the intervention group decreased significantly after 12 weeks trial ( P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ).However,there were no significant changes in lipid profile and HbA1C in intervention group.In addition,percentage of body fatty,visceral fatty area,and waist-hip ratio also decreased in intervention group( all P＜0.01 ).Superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels increased significantly in intervention group by the end of trial (both P＜0.01 ),while malondialdehyde was decreased (P＜0.01 ).There were no significant changes in the aforementioned indices in the reference group.Weight,body mass index,and waist circumferences were decreased in both groups,but without significant difference between the two groups.
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The association of serum uric acid ( SUA ) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ( ACR ) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was explored. The ACR abnormal rate was higher in hyperuricemia group( P＜0.01 ). ACR level was positively correlated with SUA( P＜0.01 ). The general linear model showed that SUA was a risk factor in ACR. Patients with hyperuricemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus were apt to have abnormal ACR and develop early renal damage.